《语言学基础教程》包括语言与语言学、语音学与音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、语篇分析、历史语言学、文体学、社会语言学、跨文化交际、心理语言学、认知语言学、应用语言学等十四章。在内容方面，《语言学基础教程》在提供基本知识的同时，更注重教材的科学性、系统性、实用性和时代性。在编写过程中，我们力求“化难为简”，尽量做到概念清晰，既要保证知识的系统性，又要避免术语的堆砌。《语言学基础教程》在传授基本知识与概念的同时，通过丰富的实例提供了有关语言分析和描述的基本方法，并强调语言学与其他学科的联系，以便适应创新型人才培养的需要。
首先，本教材各章作者均是有关学科的佼佼者，功底扎实，保证了教材的学术性； 第二，本教材作者有第一线教学在丰富经验，做到了论述深入浅出，适合本科生的需要； 第三，本教材注意到有关科学在本世纪的最新进展，具有充分的时代性。
随着高等教育事业的发展和社会对高层次人才的需求的日益增长，本科生教材的正规化和系统化的必要性越来越明显。语言学知识在高等教育乃至整个社会发展中的作用已不言而喻。为使学生能够系统地掌握语言学知识，满足高校培养创新型、应用型人才的需要，我们应北京大学出版社的邀请编写了《语言学基础教程》（中、英文版）。
本教材的使用者主要为全国各高校英语专业的本科生。在内容方面，体现本科阶段课堂教学的特点，在提供基本知识的同时，更注重教材的科学性、系统性、实用性和时代性。在编写过程中，我们力求“化难为简”，尽量做到概念清晰，既要保证知识的系统性，又要避免术语的堆砌。本教材在传授基本知识与概念的同时，通过丰富的实例提供了有关语言分析和描述的基本方法，同时强调语言学与其他学科的联系，以便适应创新型人才培养的需要。为使学生巩固所学知识并进一步学习有关知识，每一章后都有练习题。全书共有十四章，教师可以根据教学大纲的课时安排和课堂教学的需要，合理地安排教学。
《语言学基础教程》的作者是来自全国13所211工程大学的知名中青年学者，都是教学第一线的英语教师，具有丰富的语言学研究和教学经验。
Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics
1.1 What is language？
1.2 The design features of language
1.3 The origin of language
1.4 What is linguistics？
1.5 The scope of linguistics
1.6 A brief history of linguistics
1.6.1 Saussure as the father of modern linguistics
1.6.2 American structuralism
1.6.3 Generative linguistics
1.6.4 Functional linguistics
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 2 Phonetics and Phonology: The Sounds and Sound Patterns of Language
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Phonetics
2.2.1 Speech organs
2.2.2 Consonants
2.2.3 Vowels
2.2.4 Transcription of speech sounds
2.3 Phonology
2.3.1 Phoneme
2.3.2 Phone and allophone
2.3.3 Phonotacties
2.3.4 Prosodic features: stress, tone and intonation
2.3.5 Co-articulation effects
2.4 Summary
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 3 Morphology: The Word Structure of Language
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The words of language
3.3 The structure of words
3.4 Morpheme, morph and allomorph
3.5 Classification of morphemes
3.5.1 Free morphemes and bound morphemes
3.5.2 Roots and affixes
3.5.3 Inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes
3.6 Word formation processes
3.6.1 Derivation
3.6.2 Compounding
3.6.3 Conversion
3.6.4 Blending
3.6.5 Backformation
3.6.6 Abbreviation or shortening
3.7 Summary
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 4 Syntax: The Sentence Structure of Language
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sentence structure
4.2.1 Definition of sentence
4.2.2 The linear structure of sentence
4.2.3 The hierarchical structure of sentence
4.3 The traditional approach
4.4 The structural approach
4.4.1 Immediate constituent analysis
4.4.2 Endocentric and exocentric constructions
4.5 The transformational-generative approach
4.5.1 The TG model of grammar
4.5.2 Syntactic structure
4.5.3 Movement
4.6 The functional approach
4.6.1 Functions of language
4.6.2 Functional analysis of syntactic structure
4.7 Summary
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 5 Semantics: The Meaning of Language
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Approaches to meaning
5.3 Sense and reference
5.4 Word meaning
5.4.1 Grammatical meaning and lexical meaning
5.4.2 Classification of lexical meaning
5.4.3 Sense relations
5.4.4 Semantic field
5.5 Sentence meaning
5.5.1 Definition of sentence meaning
5.5.2 Semantic relations at the sentential level
5.6 Ambiguity
5.7 Semantic analysis
5.7.1 Componential Analysis
5.7.2 Predication Analysis
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 6 Pragmatics: The Use of Language in Context
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Pragmatics as a new branch of linguistics
6.2.1 Defining pragmatics
6.2.2 Syntax, semantics and pragmatics
6.3 Speech Act Theory
6.3.1 Constatives and performatives
6.3.2 Locution, illocution, and perlocution
6.3.3 Felicity conditions
6.3.4 Classification of speech acts
6.4 Theory of conversational implicature
6.4.1 The notion of implicature
6.4.2 Cooperative Principle and its maxims
6.4.3 Flouting the maxims
6.5 Politeness Principle
6.5.1 Politeness: The principle and the maxims
6.5.2 Clashes between the maxims
6.6 Summary
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 7 Discourse Analysis: Language above the Sentence
7.1 Introduction
7.2 What is discourse analysis？
7.3 Cohesion
7.3.1 Reference
7.3.2 Substitution
7.3.3 Ellipsis
7.3.4 Conjunction
7.3.5 Lexical cohesion
7.4 Coherence
7.5 The structure of discourse
7.5.1 Thematic structure and information structure
7.5.2 The structure of conversations
7.5.3 Patterns in written discourse
7.6 Connections
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 8 Historical Linguistics: Language through Time
8.1 Introduction
8.2 When language changes
8.3 How language changes
8.3.1 Phonological change
8.3.2 Lexical change
8.3.3 Grammatical change
8.4 Why language changes
8.4.1 External causes
8.4.2 Internal causes
8.5 Summary
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 9 Stylistics: Language and Literature
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Important views on style
9.2.1 Style as deviation
9.2.2 Style as choice
9.2.3 Style as foregrounding
9.3 Stylistic analysis
9.3.1 Phonological analysis
9.3.2 Graphological analysis
9.3.3 Lexical analysis
9.3.4 Syntactic analysis
9.3.5 Semantic analysis
9.3.6 Pragmatic analysis
Questions and Exercises
Chapter 10 Sociolinguistics: Language and Society
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The relations between language and society
10.3 Speech community and speech variety
10.4 Dialect
10.4.1 Regional dialect
10.4.2 Social dialect
10.4.3 Standard dialect
10.5 Register
10.6 Language contact and contact languages
10.6.1 Lingua franca
10.6.2 Pidgin
10.6.3 Creole
10.7 Choosing a code
10.7.1 Diglossia
10.7.2 Bilingualism
10.7.3 Code-switching
Questions and Exercises
……
Chapter 11 Intercultural Communication: Language and Culture
Chapter 12 Psycholinguistics: Language and Psychology
Chapter 13 Cognitive Linguistics: Language and Cognition
Chapter 14 Applied Linguistics: Language Teaching and Learning
References
Glossary
Human beings communicate with each other mainly in two modes 0f language——spoken and written.In oral communication with someone from a different linguistic community，what first strikes US as different may not bethat person’s possibly different idea about something，but the exoticness of thespeech sounds uttered.
Speech sounds are the sounds utilized by all human languages to representmeaning.They are the sounds produced or heard in using language to speak orunderstand，and are related by the language system to certain meanings.Anyone who knows a language knows what sounds are in the language and howthey are“strung”together and what these different sound sequences mean（Fromkin&Rodman，1983：35）.The study of human speech sounds can bedone by examining the features of the sounds per se（Matthews，2001：33），which is adopted by the students of phonetics.The speech sounds can also bestudied from the point of view of how they are actually used in different languages（Katamba，1989：66），including how some of the sounds interrelateand interact with each other within a given language system，which is adoptedby the student of phonology.
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